Lodestar News

American news for the American people.

Special reports

Political Violence and Official Enforcement in the United States, 2017 to 2026

A sourced comparison of left-wing, right-wing, jihadist, ethnonationalist and other recorded attacks, street unrest, January 6, and official prosecutions. Every figure below is tied to a cited court record, government document, research dataset or published report.

Lodestar News special report · November 2026

Figures are current to the documents cited, including researcher datasets through 2025 and court actions through November 2026.

What the records show

Whether political violence in the United States leans left or right depends on what is counted.

Insured losses from the 2020 unrest, and a cluster of 2025 attacks and plots aimed at immigration enforcement and federal officers, show a larger left-leaning or anti-authority footprint in street-level violence. Multi-year counts of fatal terrorist attacks, and the breach of the U.S. Capitol, show a larger right-wing footprint. Jihadist attacks were the most lethal per attack in the CSIS table for 2016 through mid-2025. None of these datasets treats ordinary conservatives, liberals or centrists as the unit of analysis.[1, 2, 6, 12, 10]

Key figures, as the underlying documents state them

  • Insured 2020 civil-unrest losses. Verisk Property Claims Services estimated cumulative U.S. civil-unrest insured losses in 2020 “to top $2 billion,” the costliest year for such losses since PCS record keeping began.[12, 13]
  • CSIS completed attacks, 2016 to July 4, 2025. Right-wing, 152 attacks and 112 killed; left-wing, 35 attacks and 13 killed; jihadist, 25 attacks and 82 killed; ethnonationalist, 10 attacks and 4 killed; other, 8 attacks and 2 killed. Separately, CSIS counts 41 left-wing incidents, attacks and plots combined, since 2016.[2]
  • CSIS, first half of 2025. Through July 4, 2025, before the killing of Charlie Kirk, CSIS recorded five left-wing attacks or plots and one right-wing terrorist incident, the killing of Minnesota state Rep. Melissa Hortman and her husband. CSIS said a dramatic decline in right-wing incidents contributed significantly to the change, and that 2025 marked “the first time in more than 30 years that left-wing terrorist attacks outnumber those from the violent far right.”[2]
  • National Institute of Justice research summary, since 1990. Far-right extremists, 227 ideologically motivated homicide events that took more than 520 lives; far-left extremists, 42 attacks that took 78 lives. The article was later removed from the live NIJ site; the figures are quoted from archived official copies and a House Judiciary Committee hearing document.[7, 8, 9]
  • Cato Institute, 1975 to 2025. Outside the two largest attacks, 430 people were murdered in politically motivated terrorist attacks: right-wing attackers, 195 deaths (45%); Islamist attackers, 139 (32%); left-wing attackers, 68 (16%). Counted separately, the Sept. 11 attacks (Islamist) killed 2,979 and the Oklahoma City bombing (right-wing) killed 168, for 3,577 deaths in all.[5, 6]
  • January 6 federal docket. The U.S. Attorney's Office for the District of Columbia reported approximately 1,583 people federally charged, including approximately 608 charged with assaulting, resisting or impeding officers or obstructing officers during a civil disorder. The bipartisan Senate report said approximately 140 law enforcement officers reported injuries.[15, 16]
  • Jan. 20, 2025. A presidential proclamation commuted the sentences of 14 named January 6 defendants to time served and granted full pardons to all other individuals convicted of offenses related to events at or near the Capitol that day.[26]
  • May 21, 2026. On an unopposed motion, the U.S. Court of Appeals for the D.C. Circuit vacated the district court judgments in four consolidated appeals from the Oath Keepers prosecution and remanded the cases for the government's planned motion to dismiss the indictment. The order is a disposition on the government's request, not a new finding on the trial evidence.[27]

How the datasets classify ideology

None of the datasets used in this report has a “center” or mainstream-party column. CSIS states that its “left-wing” and “right-wing” labels “do not correspond to mainstream political parties in the United States, such as the Democratic and Republican parties,” or to the overwhelming majority of liberals and conservatives. Cato and NIJ likewise sort attackers by extremist ideology, not by party or by position on a left-center-right scale. A reader looking for a centrist share will not find one, because the researchers did not build one.[2, 6, 7]

CSIS

CSIS defines terrorism as “the deliberate use or threat of premeditated violence by nonstate actors with the intent to achieve political goals by creating a broad psychological impact.” Its right-wing category includes racial or ethnic supremacy; opposition to government authority seen as tyrannical and illegitimate; misogyny, including incels; hatred based on sexuality or gender identity; belief in the QAnon conspiracy theory; opposition to abortion; and partisan extremism aimed at parties perceived as advancing left-wing agendas. Its left-wing category includes support for environmental causes or animal rights; pro-communist or pro-socialist beliefs or “anti-fascist” rhetoric; opposition to government authority seen as a tool of oppression; support for decentralized systems such as anarchism; and partisan extremism aimed at parties perceived as advancing right-wing agendas.[2, 3]

The ethnonationalist category covers ethnic or nationalist goals. CSIS coded three high-profile 2025 attacks motivated by the Israeli-Palestinian conflict as ethnonationalist rather than left-wing: the April arson at Pennsylvania Gov. Josh Shapiro's residence, the May shooting that killed two Israeli Embassy staff members in Washington, and the June firebombing of a pro-Israel walk in Boulder, Colo. The “other” category holds attacks with an established motive that fits none of the four main groups: eight attacks and two deaths from 2016 to July 4, 2025.[2]

CSIS also names what it leaves out. More than 20 attacks on Tesla vehicles and facilities from January to April 2025 were coded as economic vandalism rather than terrorism. Most violent encounters at 2025 demonstrations against immigration enforcement “did not reach a level of violence that satisfied this study's definition of terrorism.” Thomas Crooks's July 2024 attempt on Donald Trump is not coded as political, because FBI reports and journalist investigations suggested the explanation was more likely a mix of personal issues. The authors discuss these coding choices in Lawfare.[2, 4]

Cato Institute

Cato counts politically motivated terrorists who killed at least one person on U.S. soil from 1975 through 2025, in six groups: Islamism, right, left, foreign nationalism, separatism, and unknown or other. Its right-wing group includes anti-communism, white supremacy, anti-vaccine, incel, anti-abortion and pro-Christian motives; its left-wing group includes communism, Black supremacy, anti-white animus, animal rights and environmentalism. On Crooks, Cato writes that “there's no good direct evidence that his shooting was politically motivated.” Cato treats terrorists as nonstate actors, so police doing their jobs during the 2020 riots or at the Capitol on Jan. 6 are not counted. It separates terrorist attacks from hate crimes. It declines to count looters killed during the 2020 riots as victims of left-wing violence, or Ashli Babbitt, who was shot by a police officer while rioting at the Capitol, as a victim of political violence: “Including neither makes sense.” Cato says that recoding every disputed case against its judgment would not meaningfully change the ideological distribution.[6]

National Institute of Justice

The NIJ summary, published Jan. 4, 2024, cites research including the Extremist Crime Database. Its live address now redirects to the NIJ home page. The archived copies carry the same text.[7, 8]

ACLED and insured-loss data

ACLED counts demonstrations, not ideologies. From May 24 to Aug. 22, 2020, it recorded more than 10,600 demonstration events; nearly 95% involved peaceful protesters, and fewer than 570, approximately 5%, involved demonstrators engaging in violence. Of more than 7,750 demonstrations linked to the Black Lives Matter movement from May 26 to Aug. 22, more than 93% involved no violent or destructive activity, and violent demonstrations were limited to fewer than 220 locations. Verisk Property Claims Services tracks insured losses, not who caused them.[10, 11, 12]

Classification at a glance
DatasetWhat it countsCategories“Center” category?Notable exclusions
CSIS U.S. Terrorism Incidents Dataset750 terrorist attacks and plots, Jan. 1, 1994, to July 4, 2025Right-wing; left-wing; jihadist; ethnonationalist; otherNoTesla attacks coded as economic vandalism; most 2025 anti-ICE street clashes; Thomas Crooks's 2024 attempt on Donald Trump
Cato Institute, Policy Analysis No. 1012Politically motivated terrorists who killed at least one person on U.S. soil, 1975 to 2025Islamism; right; left; foreign nationalism; separatism; unknown/otherNoMany hate crimes without a broader political goal; many sovereign-citizen shootouts that began as traffic stops; some riot-related deaths; state actors
National Institute of Justice research summaryIdeologically motivated homicides since 1990Far-right; far-left; radical IslamistNoArticle later removed from the live NIJ site
ACLED U.S. Crisis MonitorDemonstration events, May 24 to Aug. 22, 2020Event types (peaceful, violent, destructive), not perpetrator ideologyNot applicableCounts demonstrations, not terrorism
Verisk Property Claims ServicesInsured losses from riot and civil commotionCatastrophe events, not ideologyNot applicableAn insured-loss series, not a census of perpetrators

Fatal attacks by orientation

The two tables below come from different definitions and different time spans. CSIS counts completed terrorist attacks and the victims killed in them from 2016 through July 4, 2025. Cato counts people murdered by politically motivated terrorists from 1975 through 2025, with the Sept. 11 attacks and the Oklahoma City bombing shown in their own column. Those two single events killed 3,147 people, 88 percent of all deaths in Cato’s data, so they are kept out of the ideology shares, which would otherwise measure two days rather than 50 years. They are not left out: the Sept. 11 hijackers were Islamist, and Cato classes the Oklahoma City bombing as right-wing, so the last column adds each back to its ideology.[2, 6]

CSIS: completed terrorist attacks and victims killed, 2016 to July 4, 2025
OrientationAttacksVictims killedKilled per attack
Right-wing1521120.7
Jihadist25823.3
Left-wing35130.4
Ethnonationalist1040.4
Other820.3

Source: CSIS, Table 1.[2] Attack counts exclude disrupted plots. CSIS separately counts 41 left-wing incidents, attacks and plots combined, since 2016.

Cato: terrorist killers and their victims, 1975 to 2025, with 9/11 and Oklahoma City in their own column
IdeologyKillers, other attacksDeaths, other attacksShare of deaths, other attacksDeaths in 9/11 or Oklahoma CityAll deaths, both included
Right8619545.35%168 (Oklahoma City, 1995)363
Islamism3413932.33%2,979 (Sept. 11, 2001)3,118
Left406815.81%None68
Unknown/Other5112.56%None11
Foreign nationalism18102.33%None10
Separatism371.63%None7
Total186430100%3,1473,577

Source: Cato Institute, Policy Analysis No. 1012, Tables 1 and 3.[6] The first three number columns are Table 3, which leaves out the two events. The last column is Table 1, which includes them. The separate column is the difference between the two tables: 2,979 deaths and 19 killers for Sept. 11, and 168 deaths and 3 killers for Oklahoma City.

Landmark single events (outside the 2017–2026 window)

The Oklahoma City bombing and the Sept. 11 attacks are shown here for reference. Both fall outside the 2017 to 2026 window this report covers, and each single event would dominate any count it joined. They are not included in any 2017 to 2026 count or total in this report. Cato's 1975 to 2025 table above shows them in their own column.[6]

Oklahoma City and Sept. 11 in the official record
RecordOklahoma City bombingSept. 11 attacks
Date and placeApril 19, 1995, at 9:02 a.m. A truck bomb destroyed a third of the Alfred P. Murrah Federal Building in downtown Oklahoma City.[75, 77]Sept. 11, 2001. Hijackers flew two airliners into the World Trade Center towers in New York and a third into the Pentagon in Arlington, Va. The fourth crashed in rural Pennsylvania.[79]
Killed168, including 19 children, according to the FBI. The Justice Department's Office for Victims of Crime reports that the blast killed 167 people and that a volunteer nurse, struck by falling debris as she responded, became the 168th.[75, 76]2,973 people other than the hijackers, according to the 9/11 Commission: 2,749 at the World Trade Center, 184 at the Pentagon and 40 aboard United Airlines Flight 93, each figure including the people on board the planes. The Commission drew these numbers from New York City death certificates and FBI victim lists as of July 9, 2004. The FBI's case history gives 2,976 killed. Cato counts 2,979.[80, 79, 6]
Injured853, according to the Office for Victims of Crime, citing the Oklahoma Department of Mental Health and Substance Abuse Services as of May 31, 1998. The FBI and the Tenth Circuit describe “several hundred” and “hundreds” injured.[76, 75, 77]“Thousands,” according to the FBI.[79]
Perpetrators and outcomeTimothy McVeigh, an Army veteran, parked the rented Ryder truck carrying the bomb and lit the fuses. A federal jury convicted him on all 11 counts on June 2, 1997, and he was sentenced to death on Aug. 14, 1997. Terry Nichols helped build the bomb, according to the FBI. A jury convicted him of conspiring to use a weapon of mass destruction and of eight counts of involuntary manslaughter, and he was sentenced to life in prison. Michael Fortier, in the FBI's words, “was aware of the bomb plot.” The court record says McVeigh told Fortier and his wife of the plan and later showed Fortier the Murrah Building, and that Fortier testified against Nichols in exchange for promises of leniency.[75, 77, 78]Nineteen hijackers, all trained by al Qaeda, according to the FBI. The 9/11 Commission calls Khalid Sheikh Mohammed “the principal architect of the 9/11 attacks” and says Osama bin Laden decided to give him “the green light for the 9/11 operation sometime in late 1998 or early 1999.” Zacarias Moussaoui pleaded guilty in April 2005 to six charges related to his part in the conspiracy and was sentenced to life in prison in May 2006.[79, 80]
Stated ideologyAnti-federal-government. The FBI cites McVeigh's “extremist ideologies” and his “hatred of the federal government,” which it says intensified after the 1993 standoff at Waco, Texas, where he handed out anti-government literature.[75]Al Qaeda's jihadist ideology. In August 1996 bin Laden issued what the Commission calls a “self-styled fatwa calling on Muslims to drive American soldiers out of Saudi Arabia.” In February 1998 he and Ayman al Zawahiri published a fatwa in the name of a “World Islamic Front” that called for the murder of any American, anywhere on earth, as the “individual duty for every Muslim who can do it in any country in which it is possible to do it.”[80]
How the motive matched the ideologyThe Tenth Circuit's summary of the trial evidence says McVeigh wrote that he and Nichols “had decided to take some type of positive offensive action against the federal government in response to the government's siege of the Branch Davidians in Waco, Texas in 1993,” that he wanted “to cause a general uprising in America,” and that the bombing would fall on the anniversary of the end of the Waco siege. He chose the Murrah Building because he believed the orders for the Waco attack came from it. The jury found as a mitigating factor that McVeigh believed federal agencies “failed to take responsibilities for their actions at Ruby Ridge and Waco.”[77]The Commission describes the 1998 declaration as “novel for its open endorsement of indiscriminate killing” and “only the latest in the long series of his public and private calls since 1992 that singled out the United States for attack.” The attacks killed Americans and others on U.S. soil, the target that declaration named.[80]
How Cato classifies itRight-wing. 168 deaths and 3 killers.[6]Islamist. 2,979 deaths and 19 killers.[6]

Figures are given as each source states them. The 9/11 Commission, the FBI and Cato give different death tolls for Sept. 11.

Major incidents and official action, 2017 to 2026

The tables below list documented right-wing, left-wing, jihadist and other cases, with the arrest counts and case outcomes stated in the cited files. Pending cases are labeled pending.

2017 to 2019
DateEventOfficial record
Jan. 20, 2017Inauguration Day unrest, WashingtonA D.C. Bar disciplinary report on the lead prosecutor states that the day's violence led to the mass arrest of more than 200 protesters. After a Superior Court judge sanctioned prosecutors for withholding evidence from the defense, the government voluntarily dismissed all remaining Inauguration Day protest cases on July 6, 2018.[34]
Feb. 1, 2017UC Berkeley, Milo Yiannopoulos eventThe university canceled the event after violence that, according to the campus news office, was instigated by about 150 masked agitators who interrupted an otherwise non-violent protest of more than 1,500 people.[35]
June 14, 2017Congressional baseball practice shooting, Alexandria, Va.James T. Hodgkinson shot four people, including Rep. Steve Scalise and two Capitol Police officers, before he was fatally wounded by police. A May 2025 majority staff report of the House Intelligence Committee rejected the FBI's original “suicide by cop” conclusion and described the shooting as a premeditated assassination attempt on Republican members of Congress.[36, 37]
Aug. 12, 2017Charlottesville car attackJames Alex Fields Jr. drove into counterprotesters, killing Heather Heyer and injuring dozens. He pleaded guilty to 29 federal hate crimes and was sentenced to life without the possibility of release.[38, 39]
Oct. 27, 2018Tree of Life synagogue, PittsburghRobert Bowers killed 11 congregants. A federal jury unanimously recommended a death sentence on Aug. 2, 2023.[40]
July 13, 2019Northwest ICE detention center, Tacoma, Wash.Willem van Spronsen threw Molotov cocktails and road flares at the facility and was shot and killed by Tacoma police. The Pierce County prosecutor found the officers' use of deadly force justified and lawful.[41]
Aug. 3, 2019El Paso WalmartPatrick Crusius killed 23 people and injured 22 others. He was sentenced to 90 consecutive federal life sentences.[42]
2020 unrest
DateEventOfficial record
May 24 to Aug. 22, 2020Nationwide demonstrationsACLED recorded more than 10,600 demonstration events, nearly 95% peaceful and fewer than 570 involving demonstrator violence. Verisk's PCS estimated 2020 civil-unrest insured losses at more than $2 billion. The Guardian, citing ACLED, reported at least 25 Americans killed during protests and political unrest in 2020.[11, 12, 14]
May 28, 2020Minneapolis Police Third PrecinctFederal prosecutors charged four men with conspiracy to commit arson in the burning of the precinct building; all four pleaded guilty.[43]
June to July 1, 2020Seattle Capitol Hill protest zone (CHAZ/CHOP)Mayor Jenny Durkan's Executive Order 2020-08, dated June 30, 2020, recorded that Cal Anderson Park had been closed at noon that day and ordered the wider Cal Anderson Park Area “closed to the public” at 2:00 a.m. on July 1, 2020, with arrest for those who refused to leave. The order cited shootings in the area, including a killing on June 20 and the killing of a juvenile on June 29. Police Chief Carmen Best said the zone had seen four shootings, two fatal, and that the dead were two teenagers. Seattle police reported 44 arrests by 5:30 p.m. on July 1.[44, 45]
Summer 2020Portland federal courthouse demonstrationsOn Aug. 27, 2020, the U.S. Attorney for Oregon said federal authorities had arrested 100 people since May 26 and that 74 faced federal charges.[46]
Aug. 29, 2020Portland shooting of Aaron DanielsonCSIS counts Michael Reinoehl's fatal shooting of right-wing protester Aaron Danielson among left-wing fatalities.[2]
Aug. 25, 2020Kenosha, Wis.During unrest on the night of Aug. 25, 2020, Kyle Rittenhouse, then 17, fatally shot two protesters and wounded a third. A jury acquitted him of all charges on Nov. 19, 2021; NPR reported that the jury found he acted in self-defense.[47]
2022 to 2026
DateEventOfficial record
Oct. 28, 2022Attack on Paul Pelosi, San FranciscoDavid DePape entered the San Francisco home of then-House Speaker Nancy Pelosi, attempted to kidnap her and assaulted her husband, on account of her official duties, according to the Justice Department. He was convicted of assault and attempted kidnapping and sentenced to 360 months in federal prison.[48]
Jan. to April 2025Tesla arson attacksCSIS coded more than 20 attacks on Tesla vehicles and facilities as economic vandalism, not terrorism. On March 20, 2025, Attorney General Pamela Bondi announced charges against three defendants accused of using Molotov cocktails at Tesla sites in Salem, Ore.; Loveland, Colo.; and Charleston, S.C., each facing “a minimum penalty of five years and up to 20 years in prison.”[2, 49]
June 14, 2025Killings of Rep. Melissa Hortman and Mark Hortman, Brooklyn Park, Minn.A federal criminal complaint charges Vance Luther Boelter with federal crimes in the killings, including stalking that resulted in the couple's deaths. CSIS identifies the killings as the only right-wing terrorist incident in its data for the first half of 2025.[50, 2]
July 4, 2025Prairieland Detention Center, Alvarado, TexasAn Alvarado police officer was shot in the neck during an armed attack on the ICE facility.[2] After a 12-day trial that began Feb. 23, 2026, the Justice Department announced on June 23, 2026, that eight defendants had been sentenced to a combined 450 years. Benjamin Hanil Song, convicted of the attempted murder of a law enforcement officer, received 100 years; the judgment in No. 4:25-CR-00259-P(3) imposes 1,200 months. The department described the defendants as an “Antifa cell”; that is the government's characterization.[51, 52, 53]
Sept. 10, 2025Killing of Charlie Kirk, Utah Valley UniversitySee the case summary below.[55]
Sept. 24, 2025Shooting at Dallas ICE Enforcement and Removal Operations facilityThe FBI said Joshua Jahn fired from a nearby rooftop at transport vehicles carrying ICE personnel and detainees and into the office building, in what the special agent in charge called “a targeted ambush-style attack on law enforcement.” One detainee was killed and two were injured. Jahn was found dead of an apparent self-inflicted gunshot wound, so no prosecution followed.[58, 59]
June 16, 2026Direct Action Minnesota indictmentThe Justice Department announced charges against 15 members and associates of Direct Action Minnesota, including conspiracy to impede a federal officer, interstate stalking, interstate threats, solicitation to commit a crime of violence, assault on a federal officer and destruction of government property. Twelve were arrested, two remained at large, and one was already in federal custody on separate charges. These are pending charges, not convictions.[60, 61]

The Charlie Kirk case

Charlie Kirk was shot and killed at about 12:23 p.m. on Sept. 10, 2025, while speaking at an outdoor event at Utah Valley University. Utah County prosecutors filed a criminal information on Sept. 16, 2025, charging Tyler James Robinson with seven counts: aggravated murder, a capital felony; felony discharge of a firearm causing serious bodily injury; two counts of obstruction of justice; two counts of tampering with a witness; and commission of a violent offense in the presence of a child. The information gives notice of a victim-targeting enhancement, alleging that Robinson “intentionally selected Charlie Kirk because of Tyler James Robinson's belief or perception regarding Charlie Kirk's political expression.”[54, 55]

The information states that each round in the rifle recovered near the campus bore an etched inscription: on the fired cartridge, “NoTices Bulge / OWO What's This?”; on the second, “Hey Facist! Catch!”; on the third, “O Bella ciao, Bella ciao, Bella ciao, Ciao, ciao!”; and on the fourth, “If you Read This, You Are GAY Lmao.” It states that Robinson went to the Washington County Sheriff's Office with his parents on the evening of Sept. 11, 2025.[55]

Robinson has pleaded not guilty. On Nov. 9, 2026, Fourth District Judge Tony Graf set jury selection to begin June 21, 2028, and reserved 105 court days for the trial.[56, 57]

Jihadist and ethnonationalist attacks in the same period

CSIS records 25 jihadist attacks and 82 deaths from 2016 to July 4, 2025, including the Jan. 1, 2025, vehicle attack on Bourbon Street in New Orleans that killed 14 people. It records 10 ethnonationalist attacks and four deaths in the same period, including the three 2025 attacks tied to the Israeli-Palestinian conflict described above.[2]

January 6: charges, pardons and later rulings

On Jan. 6, 2021, a crowd of then-President Donald Trump's supporters, including members of the Oath Keepers and Proud Boys, breached the U.S. Capitol while Congress met to certify the 2020 election. The U.S. Attorney's Office for the District of Columbia reported approximately 1,583 federal defendants, including approximately 608 charged with assaulting, resisting or impeding officers or obstructing officers during a civil disorder. The bipartisan Senate report said approximately 140 law enforcement officers reported injuries.[15, 16]

Ashli Babbitt was shot and killed by a Capitol Police officer inside the building. Three other people in the crowd died that day; the Metropolitan Police chief said they appeared to have suffered separate medical emergencies. Capitol Police Officer Brian Sicknick died the next day; the D.C. medical examiner ruled that he died of natural causes after strokes and said “all that transpired played a role in his condition.” In May 2025 the federal government agreed to a $5 million settlement with Babbitt's family; the officer who shot her had been cleared of wrongdoing.[21, 22, 23]

Oath Keepers founder Stewart Rhodes was sentenced to 18 years and former Proud Boys chairman Enrique Tarrio to 22 years after convictions for seditious conspiracy.[24, 25] The Jan. 20, 2025, proclamation commuted the sentences of Rhodes and 13 other named defendants to time served and pardoned all others convicted of offenses related to the day.[26] On May 21, 2026, the D.C. Circuit vacated the district court judgments in the consolidated appeals of four Oath Keepers defendants, on an unopposed motion, and sent the cases back for the government's planned motion to dismiss.[27]

In Fischer v. United States, decided June 28, 2024, the Supreme Court narrowed the obstruction statute, 18 U.S.C. § 1512(c)(2), that had been used in many January 6 cases.[28]

The Justice Department's inspector general reported in December 2024 that the FBI had no undercover employees in the crowd or at the Capitol. Of 26 FBI confidential human sources in Washington that day, three had been tasked by the FBI to attend, and one of those three entered the Capitol during the riot; three of the other 23 also entered. None was authorized by the FBI to enter the Capitol or otherwise break the law, and none was directed to encourage others to commit illegal acts.[17]

Brian Cole Jr., arrested Dec. 4, 2025, is charged with placing pipe bombs outside the Republican and Democratic national committee headquarters on the night of Jan. 5, 2021. He has pleaded not guilty. U.S. District Judge Amir Ali set his trial for Feb. 16, 2027.[29, 30]

January 6 timeline against the official record

Widely shared video summaries of the day contain errors. CNBC's Jan. 11, 2021, hour-by-hour video, for example, is described on its page as covering events of “Jan. 6, 2020”; the attack took place on Jan. 6, 2021.[31] The times below, all Eastern, are taken from the bipartisan Senate report, Capitol Police testimony, the House select committee's final report and the Pentagon timeline as compiled by FactCheck.org.

January 6, 2021, key times (Eastern)
TimeEventSource
Evening of Jan. 5Pipe bombs placed at the Republican and Democratic national committee headquarters, off Capitol grounds. Capitol Police later said surveillance video showed both devices were placed the night before; its bomb squad rendered them safe.[20]
12:44 p.m.Capitol Police alerted to the device at the RNC.[20]
12:53 p.m.Rioters shove a metal bike rack into Capitol Police officers, the first breach of the outer security perimeter.[16]
1:07 p.m.Capitol Police agents find a similar device under a bench in front of the DNC.[20]
1:10 p.m.Trump concludes his speech at the Ellipse.[16]
1:34 p.m.In a call with Army Secretary Ryan McCarthy, Mayor Muriel Bowser requests an unspecified number of additional forces.[19]
1:49 p.m.Capitol Police Chief Steven Sund asks the D.C. National Guard commander for immediate assistance; the Metropolitan Police Department declares a riot at the Capitol.[16, 19]
2:24 p.m.Trump posts that Vice President Mike Pence “didn't have the courage to do what should have been done.”[19]
2:38 p.m.Trump posts, “Please support our Capitol Police and Law Enforcement. They are truly on the side of our Country. Stay peaceful!”[18]
3:04 p.m.Acting Defense Secretary Christopher Miller gives verbal approval for full activation of the D.C. National Guard.[19]
3:13 p.m.Trump posts, “I am asking for everyone at the U.S. Capitol to remain peaceful. No violence!”[18]
4:17 p.m.Trump releases a video telling supporters to go home, which also says, “We love you. You're very special.”[18, 19]
About 5:20 to 5:40 p.m.First National Guard personnel arrive at the Capitol.[16, 19]
6:14 p.m.Capitol Police, the Metropolitan Police and the D.C. National Guard establish a perimeter on the west side of the Capitol.[16, 19]
8:00 p.m.Capitol Police declare the building secure.[16]

The House select committee concluded that “the 187 minutes between the end of President Trump's speech and when he finally told the mob to leave the U.S. Capitol was a dereliction of duty.”[18] PolitiFact found no evidence that Trump requested 10,000 National Guard troops for Jan. 6 or that House Speaker Nancy Pelosi rejected such a request, and found that Pelosi was not directing Capitol security officials that day.[32, 33]

What public officials said

Viral clips often drop nearby sentences. The record for each remark below is the transcript, official text or fact-check cited.

  • Kamala Harris, 2020. On June 18, 2020, on CBS's The Late Show, Harris said protests “are not going to stop.” PolitiFact found that she was describing protests, not calling for riots. On Aug. 27, 2020, after unrest in Kenosha, she spoke out against violent protests. Days after George Floyd was killed in May 2020, she had asked the public to donate to the Minnesota Freedom Fund, a nonprofit that pays bail, to help protesters who had been arrested.[63, 62]
  • Ayanna Pressley, Aug. 15, 2020. In an MSNBC interview, Pressley said, “there needs to be unrest in the streets for as long as there's unrest in our lives.” PolitiFact rated a viral claim that she and other Democrats had endorsed riots Mostly False.[64]
  • Jenny Durkan, June 11, 2020. Asked on CNN how long the protest zone might last, Seattle's mayor said, “I don't know. We could have the Summer of Love.” Her June 30 executive order later directed the area's closure.[65, 44]
  • Joe Biden, Aug. 31, 2020, Pittsburgh. “Rioting is not protesting. Looting is not protesting. Setting fires is not protesting. None of this is protesting – it's lawlessness – plain and simple. And those who do it should be prosecuted.”[66]
  • Maxine Waters, April 17, 2021, Brooklyn Center, Minn. Waters said protesters should “get more confrontational” if Derek Chauvin was not convicted. Judge Peter Cahill called her comments “abhorrent,” denied a defense motion for a mistrial and said they might give the defense “something on appeal.”[67]
  • Donald Trump, Jan. 6, 2021. The Ellipse speech, reproduced in the Senate report, told supporters to march to the Capitol to “peacefully and patriotically make your voices heard,” and also said, “if you don't fight like hell, you're not going to have a country anymore.” The Senate acquitted him on the impeachment article on Feb. 13, 2021, by a vote of 57 to 43, short of the two-thirds needed to convict.[16, 68, 72]
  • Kevin McCarthy, Jan. 13, 2021. Opposing impeachment on the House floor, the Republican leader said, “The President bears responsibility for Wednesday's attack on Congress by mob rioters.”[69]
  • Mitch McConnell, Feb. 13, 2021. After voting to acquit, the Senate Republican leader said, “There is no question — none — that President Trump is practically and morally responsible for provoking the events of the day.”[70, 71]
  • Republican National Committee, Feb. 4, 2022. A resolution censuring Reps. Liz Cheney and Adam Kinzinger said they were “participating in a Democrat-led persecution of ordinary citizens engaged in legitimate political discourse.” RNC Chair Ronna McDaniel said on Feb. 8 that the media was distorting the censure.[73, 74]

Sources and records

Numbers in brackets in the text refer to the entries below. Each entry links to the document itself.

Datasets and definitions

  1. Left-Wing Terrorism and Political Violence in the United States: What the Data Tells Us (Daniel Byman and Riley McCabe). Center for Strategic and International Studies, Sept. 25, 2025. www.csis.org/analysis/left-wing-terrorism-and-political-violence-united-states-what-data-tells-us
  2. Same brief, PDF edition, including Table 1. Center for Strategic and International Studies, Sept. 25, 2025. www.csis.org/analysis/left-wing-terrorism-and-political-violence-united-states-what-data-tells-us.pdf
  3. U.S. Terrorism Incidents Dataset: methodology and codebook. CSIS Warfare, Irregular Threats, and Terrorism Program, Current. www.csis.org/programs/warfare-irregular-threats-and-terrorism-program/us-terrorism-incidents-dataset
  4. The Difficulty of Coding Terrorism (Daniel Byman and Riley McCabe). Lawfare, 2025. www.lawfaremedia.org/article/the-difficulty-of-coding-terrorism
  5. Politically Motivated Killers: 51 Years of Terrorist Murders on U.S. Soil, 1975–2025 (Policy Analysis No. 1012, Alex Nowrasteh). Cato Institute, Feb. 19, 2026. www.cato.org/policy-analysis/politically-motivated-killers-51-years-terrorist-murders-us-soil-1975-2025
  6. Policy Analysis No. 1012, PDF edition, including Table 3. Cato Institute, Feb. 19, 2026. www.cato.org/sites/cato.org/files/2026-03/PA%201012_update.pdf
  7. What NIJ Research Tells Us About Domestic Terrorism (archived copy; the article is no longer on the live NIJ site). National Institute of Justice, via Internet Archive, Jan. 4, 2024. web.archive.org/web/20250731231028/https://nij.ojp.gov/topics/articles/what-nij-research-tells-us-about-domestic-terrorism
  8. What NIJ Research Tells Us About Domestic Terrorism, NCJ 306123 (archived PDF). Office of Justice Programs, via Internet Archive, Jan. 4, 2024. web.archive.org/web/20250911165140/https://www.ojp.gov/pdffiles1/nij/306123.pdf
  9. Hearing document reproducing the NIJ article. U.S. House Committee on the Judiciary, Feb. 11, 2026. docs.house.gov/meetings/JU/JU00/20260211/118951/HHRG-119-JU00-20260211-SD042.pdf
  10. Demonstrations and Political Violence in America: New Data for Summer 2020. Armed Conflict Location & Event Data Project (ACLED), September 2020. acleddata.com/report/demonstrations-and-political-violence-america-new-data-summer-2020
  11. Same report, PDF edition. ACLED, September 2020. acleddata.com/sites/default/files/wp-content-archive/uploads/2020/09/ACLED_USDataReview_Sum2020_SeptWebPDF.pdf
  12. A record year for civil unrest in the United States. Verisk, Nov. 12, 2020. www.verisk.com/blog/a-record-year-for-civil-unrest-in-the-united-states
  13. Civil unrest 2021: Learning from last year's record losses. Verisk, 2021. www.verisk.com/blog/civil-unrest-2021-learning-from-last-years-record-losses
  14. At least 25 Americans were killed during protests and political unrest in 2020. The Guardian, Oct. 31, 2020. www.theguardian.com/world/2020/oct/31/americans-killed-protests-political-unrest-acled

January 6 records and later court action

  1. Status of Prosecutions Related to the Siege of the Capitol on January 6, 2021. U.S. Attorney's Office for the District of Columbia, January 2025. www.justice.gov/usao-dc/media/1382981/dl
  2. Examining the U.S. Capitol Attack: A Review of the Security, Planning, and Response Failures on January 6 (with the Ellipse speech transcript). U.S. Senate Committees on Homeland Security and Governmental Affairs and on Rules and Administration, June 2021. www.hsgac.senate.gov/wp-content/uploads/imo/media/doc/HSGAC&RulesFullReport_ExaminingU.S.CapitolAttack.pdf
  3. A Review of the FBI's Handling of Its Confidential Human Sources and Intelligence Collection Efforts in the Lead Up to the January 6, 2021 Electoral Certification. U.S. Department of Justice, Office of the Inspector General, Dec. 12, 2024. oig.justice.gov/sites/default/files/2024-12/12-12-2024.pdf
  4. Final Report, Chapter 7: 187 Minutes of Dereliction. House Select Committee to Investigate the January 6th Attack on the United States Capitol (GovInfo), December 2022. www.govinfo.gov/content/pkg/GPO-J6-REPORT/html-submitted/ch7.html
  5. Timeline of National Guard Deployment to Capitol. FactCheck.org, Jan. 2021, updated. www.factcheck.org/2021/01/timeline-of-national-guard-deployment-to-capitol
  6. Statement of Sean Gallagher, U.S. Capitol Police, on the Jan. 5–6 pipe bombs. U.S. House Committee on House Administration (Congress.gov), March 12, 2024. www.congress.gov/118/meeting/house/116959/witnesses/HMTG-118-HA06-Wstate-GallagherS-20240312.pdf
  7. Did 5 People Die During Jan. 6 Capitol Riot?. Snopes, 2021, updated. www.snopes.com/fact-check/capitol-riot-deaths
  8. Capitol Police officer Brian Sicknick died of natural causes, medical examiner says. CBS News, April 19, 2021. www.cbsnews.com/news/brian-sicknick-capitol-riot-died-natural-causes
  9. US to pay $5m to family of 6 January rioter Ashli Babbitt. BBC News, May 19, 2025. www.bbc.com/news/articles/c4gr3kdxkr7o
  10. Oath Keepers founder sentenced to 18 years in Jan. 6 seditious conspiracy case. NBC News, May 25, 2023. www.nbcnews.com/politics/justice-department/oath-keepers-founder-sentenced-18-years-jan-6-seditious-conspiracy-cas-rcna85852
  11. Former Proud Boys leader Enrique Tarrio gets 22 years, longest Jan. 6 sentence yet. NBC News, Sept. 5, 2023. www.nbcnews.com/politics/justice-department/enrique-tarrio-proud-boys-sentenced-jan-6-sedition-case-rcna103280
  12. Granting Pardons and Commutation of Sentences for Certain Offenses Relating to the Events at or Near the United States Capitol on January 6, 2021. The White House, Jan. 20, 2025. www.whitehouse.gov/presidential-actions/2025/01/granting-pardons-and-commutation-of-sentences-for-certain-offenses-relating-to-the-events-at-or-near-the-united-states-capitol-on-january-6-2021
  13. Order, United States v. Harrelson, No. 23-3089 (consolidated with 23-3090, 23-3097 and 23-3098). U.S. Court of Appeals for the D.C. Circuit (CourtListener), May 21, 2026. storage.courtlistener.com/recap/gov.uscourts.cadc.39815/gov.uscourts.cadc.39815.01208852352.0.pdf
  14. Fischer v. United States, No. 23-5572. Supreme Court of the United States, June 28, 2024. www.supremecourt.gov/opinions/23pdf/23-5572_l6hn.pdf
  15. Attorney General Bondi, FBI Director Patel Announce Arrest in January 6 Pipe Bomb Case. U.S. Department of Justice, Dec. 4, 2025. www.justice.gov/opa/video/attorney-general-bondi-fbi-director-patel-announce-arrest-january-6-pipe-bomb-case
  16. Trial for alleged Jan. 6 pipe bomber set for February. ABC News, July 8, 2026. abcnews.com/US/trial-alleged-jan-6-pipe-bomber-set-february/story?id=134595216
  17. The Capitol siege: An hour-by-hour breakdown of how the day unfolded (video). CNBC, Jan. 11, 2021. www.cnbc.com/video/2021/01/11/the-capitol-siege-an-hour-by-hour-breakdown-of-how-the-day-unfolded.html
  18. No proof Trump requested 10,000 Guard troops for Jan. 6 or that Pelosi denied it. PolitiFact, March 2, 2021. politifact.com/factchecks/2021/mar/02/donald-trump/no-proof-trump-requested-10000-guard-troops-jan-6
  19. No, Pelosi was not calling all the shots for Capitol security officials on Jan. 6. PolitiFact, Aug. 5, 2021. politifact.com/factchecks/2021/aug/05/rodney-davis/no-pelosi-was-not-calling-all-shots-capitol-securi

Court records, charging papers and official case announcements

  1. In re Jennifer Kerkhoff Muyskens, report of the Hearing Committee (Inauguration Day 2017 prosecutions). District of Columbia Bar, Board on Professional Responsibility, 2024. www.dcbar.org/ServeFile/GetDisciplinaryActionFile?fileName=JenniferKerkhoffMuyskens24BD038.pdf
  2. Milo Yiannopoulos event canceled after violence erupts. UC Berkeley, Berkeley News, Feb. 1, 2017. news.berkeley.edu/2017/02/01/yiannopoulos-event-canceled
  3. House Intel Committee Releases Report on the FBI's Conclusions on the 2017 Congressional Baseball Shooting. House Permanent Select Committee on Intelligence, May 6, 2025. intelligence.house.gov/2025/05/06/house-intel-committee-releases-report-on-the-fbis-conclusions-on-the-2017-congressional-baseball-shooting
  4. Majority staff report on the 2017 Congressional Baseball Shooting. House Permanent Select Committee on Intelligence, May 2025. intelligence.house.gov/uploadedfiles/majority_report_of_baseball_shooting.pdf
  5. Ohio Man Pleads Guilty to 29 Federal Hate Crimes for August 2017 Car Attack at Rally in Charlottesville. U.S. Department of Justice, March 27, 2019. www.justice.gov/archives/opa/pr/ohio-man-pleads-guilty-29-federal-hate-crimes-august-2017-car-attack-rally-charlottesville
  6. Judgment, United States v. James Alex Fields Jr., No. 3:18-cr-00011 (W.D. Va.). U.S. District Court for the Western District of Virginia (CourtListener), June 28, 2019. storage.courtlistener.com/recap/gov.uscourts.vawd.111819/gov.uscourts.vawd.111819.57.0.pdf
  7. Jury Recommends Sentence of Death for Pennsylvania Man Convicted for Tree of Life Synagogue Shooting. U.S. Department of Justice, Aug. 2, 2023. www.justice.gov/archives/opa/pr/jury-recommends-sentence-death-pennsylvania-man-convicted-tree-life-synagogue-shooting
  8. Letter on the officer-involved fatal incident of July 13, 2019 (Willem van Spronsen), Tacoma Police Incident No. 1919400316. Pierce County Prosecuting Attorney (City of Tacoma), Aug. 18, 2020. cms.tacoma.gov/UserFiles/Servers/Server_6/File/2020%208-18%20OIFI%20Ltr%20to%20TPD%20Chief%20Ramsdell%20RE%20Willem%20van%20Spronsen.pdf
  9. Texas Man Sentenced to 90 Consecutive Life Sentences for 2019 Mass Shooting at Walmart in El Paso, Texas, Killing 23 People and Injuring 22 Others. U.S. Department of Justice, July 7, 2023. www.justice.gov/archives/opa/pr/texas-man-sentenced-90-consecutive-life-sentences-2019-mass-shooting-walmart-el-paso-texas
  10. Two Men Plead Guilty to Minneapolis Police Third Precinct Arson. U.S. Attorney's Office for the District of Minnesota, Jan. 22, 2021. www.justice.gov/usao-mn/pr/two-men-plead-guilty-minneapolis-police-third-precinct-arson
  11. Executive Order 2020-08 (Directive on Cal Anderson Park Area). Office of the Mayor, City of Seattle (SPD Blotter), June 30, 2020. spdblotter.seattle.gov/wp-content/uploads/sites/11/2020/07/Executive-Order-2020-08_Directive-City-Depts_Cal-Anderson-Park-Area.pdf
  12. (UPDATED) Mayor Durkan Issues Executive Order Regarding Capitol Hill Protest Zone. Seattle Police Department, SPD Blotter, July 1, 2020. spdblotter.seattle.gov/2020/07/01/mayor-durkan-issues-emergency-order-regarding-capitol-hill-protest-zone
  13. 74 People Facing Federal Charges for Crimes Committed During Portland Demonstrations. U.S. Attorney's Office for the District of Oregon, Aug. 27, 2020. www.justice.gov/usao-or/pr/74-people-facing-federal-charges-crimes-committed-during-portland-demonstrations
  14. Kyle Rittenhouse verdict: Not guilty on all counts. NPR, Nov. 19, 2021. www.npr.org/2021/11/19/1057288807/kyle-rittenhouse-acquitted-all-charges-verdict
  15. David DePape Sentenced After Conviction on Assault and Attempted Kidnapping Charges. U.S. Department of Justice, May 17, 2024. www.justice.gov/archives/opa/pr/david-depape-sentenced-after-conviction-assault-and-attempted-kidnapping-charges
  16. Attorney General Pamela Bondi Announces Severe Charges Against Violent Tesla Arsonists. U.S. Department of Justice, March 20, 2025. www.justice.gov/opa/pr/attorney-general-pamela-bondi-announces-severe-charges-against-violent-tesla-arsonists
  17. Criminal complaint, United States v. Vance Luther Boelter, No. 25-mj-376 (D. Minn.). U.S. District Court for the District of Minnesota (CourtListener), June 15, 2025. storage.courtlistener.com/recap/gov.uscourts.mnd.225878/gov.uscourts.mnd.225878.1.0.pdf
  18. Charging document, Prairieland Detention Center attack (N.D. Tex.). U.S. Attorney's Office for the Northern District of Texas, July 2025. www.justice.gov/usao-ndtx/media/1407461/dl?inline=
  19. Leader of Antifa Cell Members in North Texas Sentenced to 100 Years in Prison for Terrorist Attack on ICE Facility. U.S. Department of Justice, June 23, 2026. www.justice.gov/opa/pr/leader-antifa-cell-members-north-texas-sentenced-100-years-prison-terrorist-attack-ice
  20. Judgment, United States v. Benjamin Hanil Song, No. 4:25-CR-00259-P(3) (N.D. Tex.). U.S. District Court for the Northern District of Texas (CourtListener), June 23, 2026. storage.courtlistener.com/recap/gov.uscourts.txnd.410488/gov.uscourts.txnd.410488.587.0.pdf
  21. Formal Charges Filed Against Tyler Robinson in the Charlie Kirk Shooting Case. Utah County, Sept. 16, 2025. www.utahcounty.gov/news/420/formal-charges-filed-against-tyler-robinson-in-the-charlie-kirk-shooting-case
  22. Criminal Information, State of Utah v. Tyler James Robinson. Utah County Attorney's Office, Sept. 16, 2025. atty.utahcounty.gov/cms/uploads/TJR_Information_49872215e3.pdf
  23. Tyler Robinson trial date: Accused Charlie Kirk assassin to stand trial in summer 2028. NBC News, Nov. 9, 2026. www.nbcnews.com/news/us-news/tyler-robinson-trial-date-accused-charlie-kirk-assassin-stand-trial-su-rcna608314
  24. Tyler Robinson trial to begin summer 2028. Deseret News, Nov. 9, 2026. www.deseret.com/utah/2026/11/09/tyler-robinson-trial-dates-announced
  25. FBI Dallas Statement on Shooting at an ICE Facility in Dallas. FBI Dallas, Sept. 24, 2025. www.fbi.gov/contact-us/field-offices/dallas/news/fbi-dallas-statement-on-shooting-at-an-ice-facility-in-dallas
  26. Remarks Delivered by Special Agent in Charge Joseph Rothrock on the Shooting at an ICE Facility in Dallas. FBI Dallas, Sept. 25, 2025. www.fbi.gov/contact-us/field-offices/dallas/news/remarks-delivered-by-special-agent-in-charge-joseph-rothrock-at-a-press-conference-regarding-the-shooting-at-an-ice-facility-in-dallas
  27. 15 Members of Direct Action Minnesota, a Minneapolis-Based Direct Action Group with Antifa Ties, Indicted. U.S. Department of Justice, June 16, 2026. www.justice.gov/opa/pr/15-members-direct-action-minnesota-minneapolis-based-direct-action-group-antifa-ties
  28. Indictment, Direct Action Minnesota defendants (D. Minn.). U.S. Department of Justice, June 2026. www.justice.gov/opa/media/1446251/dl

Public officials' statements

  1. Trump's False and Misleading Claims About Harris' Record on Crime. FactCheck.org, August 2024. www.factcheck.org/2024/08/trumps-false-and-misleading-claims-about-harris-record-on-crime
  2. No, Kamala Harris didn't say she wants riots to continue. PolitiFact, Sept. 4, 2020. politifact.com/factchecks/2020/sep/04/youtube-videos/no-kamala-harris-didnt-say-she-wants-riots-continu
  3. Quotes by 4 Democrats twisted to make it look like they endorsed riots. PolitiFact, Jan. 7, 2021. politifact.com/factchecks/2021/jan/07/facebook-posts/quotes-4-democrats-twisted-make-it-look-they-endor
  4. Cuomo Prime Time transcript, interview with Mayor Jenny Durkan. CNN, June 11, 2020. transcripts.cnn.com/show/CPT/date/2020-06-11/segment/01
  5. Remarks by Vice President Joe Biden in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. The American Presidency Project, UC Santa Barbara, Aug. 31, 2020. www.presidency.ucsb.edu/documents/remarks-vice-president-joe-biden-pittsburgh-pennsylvania
  6. Did Maxine Waters Urge Protesters To 'Get More Confrontational'?. Snopes, April 2021. www.snopes.com/fact-check/maxine-waters-more-confrontational
  7. Did Dems' Video Omit Trump's Telling Supporters To 'Peacefully and Patriotically' Protest at Capitol?. Snopes, January 2021. www.snopes.com/fact-check/trump-peacefully-and-patriotically
  8. Congressional Record, House, Jan. 13, 2021 (Vol. 167, No. 8), impeachment debate. Congress.gov, Jan. 13, 2021. www.congress.gov/117/crec/2021/01/13/167/8/CREC-2021-01-13-house.pdf
  9. Congressional Record, Senate, Feb. 13, 2021, remarks of Sen. Mitch McConnell. GovInfo, Feb. 13, 2021. www.govinfo.gov/content/pkg/CREC-2021-02-13/html/CREC-2021-02-13-pt1-PgS735-2.htm
  10. McConnell on Impeachment: 'Disgraceful Dereliction' Cannot Lead Senate to 'Defy Our Own Constitutional Guardrails'. Senate Republican Leader, Feb. 13, 2021. www.republicanleader.senate.gov/newsroom/remarks/mcconnell-on-impeachment-disgraceful-dereliction-cannot-lead-senate-to-defy-our-own-constitutional-guardrails
  11. Congressional Record, Senate, Feb. 13, 2021, judgment of acquittal, 57–43. Congress.gov, Feb. 13, 2021. www.congress.gov/117/crec/2021/02/13/167/28/CREC-2021-02-13-pt1-PgS733.pdf
  12. Republican National Committee resolution on Reps. Cheney and Kinzinger. Republican National Committee (published by The Wall Street Journal), Feb. 4, 2022. s.wsj.net/public/resources/documents/rnc-resolution-02042022.pdf
  13. RNC Chairwoman McDaniel: The Media is Distorting Republican Censure of Cheney, Kinzinger. Republican National Committee, Feb. 8, 2022. gop.com/press-release/rnc-chairwoman-mcdaniel-the-media-is-distorting-republican-censure-of-cheney-kinzinger

Landmark single events before 2017

  1. Oklahoma City Bombing. Federal Bureau of Investigation, History: Cases and Criminals, Current. www.fbi.gov/history/cases-and-criminals/oklahoma-city-bombing
  2. Responding to Terrorism Victims: Oklahoma City and Beyond, NCJ 183949. U.S. Department of Justice, Office for Victims of Crime, October 2000. ovc.ojp.gov/sites/ovc/files/media/document/ncj183949.pdf
  3. United States v. McVeigh, 153 F.3d 1166 (10th Cir. 1998). U.S. Court of Appeals for the Tenth Circuit (Public.Resource.Org), Sept. 8, 1998. law.resource.org/pub/us/case/reporter/F3/153/153.F3d.1166.97-1287.html
  4. United States v. Nichols, 169 F.3d 1255 (10th Cir. 1999). U.S. Court of Appeals for the Tenth Circuit (Public.Resource.Org), Feb. 26, 1999. law.resource.org/pub/us/case/reporter/F3/169/169.F3d.1255.98-1231.html
  5. 9/11 Investigation. Federal Bureau of Investigation, History: Cases and Criminals, Current. www.fbi.gov/history/cases-and-criminals/911-investigation
  6. The 9/11 Commission Report: Final Report of the National Commission on Terrorist Attacks Upon the United States. National Commission on Terrorist Attacks Upon the United States (GovInfo), July 2004. www.govinfo.gov/content/pkg/GPO-911REPORT/pdf/GPO-911REPORT.pdf

All special reports · How this works · Corrections · Report a problem